The value of a gemstone is influenced by what are called the Four Cs: Color, Clarity, Cut, and Carat weight. Here’s a breakdown of each:

• Color: The most important factor. Gemstones are prized for their depth, hue, and saturation. For example, a rich, deep blue sapphire or an intense red ruby is considered more valuable than lighter shades.
• Clarity: Refers to the absence of inclusions (tiny natural flaws inside the stone). Fewer inclusions mean greater clarity and, often, a higher value.
• Cut: The way a gemstone is cut impacts how it reflects light, enhancing its sparkle and overall appeal. Well-cut stones can make colors appear more vivid and enhance the stone’s brilliance.
• Carat Weight: A measure of a gemstone’s size. Larger stones are rarer and usually more expensive, but quality matters more than size alone.

Every month is associated with a specific gemstone that’s said to bring good fortune and symbolize personal attributes. For example:

• January: Garnet (symbolizes protection and strength)
• February: Amethyst (associated with calmness and clarity)
• April: Diamond (symbol of purity and strength)
• September: Sapphire (represents wisdom and loyalty)

Birthstones are a meaningful choice and often make personalized gifts.

• Precious Gemstones: Traditionally include diamond, sapphire, ruby, and emerald. These stones are considered the most valuable due to their rarity and hardness.
• Semi-Precious Gemstones: Include amethyst, aquamarine, garnet, peridot, and many others. While more common, they still possess incredible beauty and come in a range of colors and patterns.

Gemstone hardness is measured on the Mohs Scale, which rates a stone’s ability to resist scratching:

• Diamond is the hardest (10 on the Mohs scale).
• Sapphire and Ruby are also very durable (9).
• Emerald, though precious, is softer (7.5-8) and requires more care.

Understanding hardness helps you choose stones that match your lifestyle. Harder stones are great for daily wear, while softer stones should be reserved for occasional use to avoid damage.

Each gemstone has its own care needs. For example, opals and pearls are delicate and should never be exposed to harsh chemicals. Gemstone jewelry should be cleaned with gentle solutions and stored separately to prevent scratching.

Many gemstones undergo treatments to improve their color or clarity. For example, heat treatment is common for sapphires and rubies to enhance their color. These enhancements are standard practice, but it’s important to know about them when purchasing. Always ask if the stone is natural or treated, as untreated gems are typically more valuable.